Lubricating oil is a technology-intensive product, a mixture of complex hydrocarbons, and its actual performance is the comprehensive effect of complex physical or chemical changes. The basic properties of lubricating oil include general physical and chemical properties, special physical and chemical properties, and simulated bench tests.

Lubricating oil generally consists of two parts: base oil and additives. Base oil is the main component of lubricating oil and determines the basic properties of lubricating oil. Additives can make up for and improve the deficiencies in base oil performance and give some new properties. They are an important part of lubricating oil.

Lubricate oil base oil is mainly divided into three categories: mineral base oil, synthetic base oil, and bio-based oil. Mineral base oil is widely used and used in large quantities, but some applications must use products blended with synthetic base oil and bio-oil base oil, which has led to the rapid development of these two base oils.